Thursday, December 13, 2007

Mobilization (walking) in the 1st 24h: Good or bad?

Mobilization in the 1st 24h
1 comment:

Monday, November 19, 2007

Exercise programming for patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Exercise programming for patients with Alzheimer's Disease

By James H. Rimmer, PhD, and Donald L. Smith, MS, RCEP
This is an excerpt from ACSM’s Exercise Management for Persons with Chronic Diseases and Disabilities, Third Edition, from the American College of Sports Medicine and edited by J. Larry Durstine, Geoffrey E. Moore, Patricia L. Painter, and Scott O. Roberts.

Recommendations for Exercise Programming

Exercise training for individuals with AD has three major considerations:
  • to minimize problems arising from the declining physical and mental health of the participant
  • to recognize behavioral changes that may cause the client to become agitated with the exercise program or the exercise setting
  • to support caregivers’ willingness to continue bringing the person to the exercise program as the disease progresses
Thus, a low-intensity program at the client’s usual ADL levels is recommended. For this level of involvement, exercise testing is unnecessary.

During the early stages of AD, most clients should be able to participate in some form of physical activity. One of the most common problems associated with exercise programming for adults with AD is memory loss. Clients may forget to come to the exercise session or may find that they have forgotten how to perform certain activities. Depression is also quite common during the early stage of the disease and may result in the client’s withdrawal from the program. The cornerstones of an exercise program for this population are consistency, patience, and enjoyment. The exercise leader must constantly provide verbal encouragement and support to maintain the client’s interest in the program. During the early stages of exercise training, simple repetitive exercises like walking, riding a stationary bike, or lifting a certain amount of weight on various exercise machines will be easier than more complex routines (see table 48.2).
Table 48.2


Click table below to make larger















Precautions
  • In the early stages of the condition, participation is extremely important in terms of establishing some sort of regular routine that the client can sustain for as long as possible.
  • Emotional instability or outbursts may affect the exercise program in the later stages.
  • Low-intensity exercise should be the main focus, involving activities that the person enjoys and can successfully perform.
  • Constant supervision during physical activity is necessary during the mid to later stages of Alzheimer’s.
The middle stage of AD presents a different set of challenges for the exercise leader. As the disease progresses, the program should become more simple and the leader should consider what reasonable criteria should be used to terminate the program. One of the major concerns during later stages of AD involves behavior. Because agitation is one of the hallmark symptoms of the disease, it is not unusual for a client to become resistant to continuing the exercise program. A client with good exercise adherence during the early stage may suddenly decide to drop out. Memory loss during this stage is more pronounced than earlier, and the client may need verbal or physical guidance in maintaining the exercise routine.

Extreme outbursts of anger and physical aggression can occur during this stage. Often such behavior will last for only a few minutes and the client will immediately forget that the incident occurred. The exercise leader must remember that this is a symptom of the disease and therefore should not take such outbursts personally. He or she must work through the agitation with the support of the caregiver, who may or may not be present during the exercise session. For some caregivers, the brief period away from their loved one is much desired. However, if the individual has a high level of agitation, it may be necessary to have the caregiver present to work through certain behaviors. In some cases, the caregiver may be in the facility and “on call” but wouldn’t necessarily have to be in the same room. Sometimes music can help the person relax during the exercise session provided that it is not too loud and has a sound that is appealing to the participant.

During the advanced and final stage of the disease, the client will require constant supervision and physical assistance. Language skills will be greatly diminished and language comprehension extremely limited. The exercise program must be guided on an individual basis. Incontinence and limited mobility are common. Range of motion and strength exercises will be the major focus during this stage.

Special Considerations


People with AD commonly have a higher level of restlessness or agitation at the end of the day, which experts have labeled “sundowning.” This increased state of agitation, activity, and negative behaviors is associated with high levels of fatigue and tiredness later in the day. Therefore the exercise program should be scheduled for an earlier time in the day, preferably in the morning, when the client’s agitation level is usually at its lowest and mental cognition is at its highest.
If the client is exercising at home with a family member, a daily walk may be the optimal way to establish a structured routine. However, if the client refuses to exercise at home, attending a day care program once or twice a week may be better. As the disease progresses, walking may be the only exercise the individual is capable of carrying out; and once ambulation is no longer a possibility, because of either the inability to walk or the risk of wandering, maintenance of range of motion becomes crucial.

The hallmark exercise program is one that keeps the client active at various times during the day (e.g., 10 min exercise routines), poses a low risk of injury from falls, and has a strong behavioral component (e.g., effective reinforcement strategies).
When developing the training program be sure to consider the following elements:

Strength Training: Therabands
  • Strengthen postural muscles.
  • Focus on areas of weakness (i.e., quadriceps, hip extensors).
  • Use 10 to 12 reps or less as tolerated.
Aerobic Training: Walking and Chair Aerobic Exercises
  • Emphasize enjoyment.
  • Maintain function.
Flexibility Training
  • Stretch postural muscle groups.
  • Focus on exercises that can be done on a raised platform (i.e., mat table) or chair; getting down or up from the floor will be difficult.

This is an excerpt from ACSM’s Exercise Management for Persons With Chronic Diseases and Disabilities, Third Edition, from the American College of Sports Medicine and edited by J. Larry Durstine, Geoffrey E. Moore, Patricia L. Painter, and Scott O. Roberts.  
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Tuesday, November 13, 2007

Mirror Therapy Suggestions

Some general suggestions: 
1. Be guided by a clinician who understands brain function. 
2. Presuming there is no jewelry on the affected side, remove wrist watches and rings. Try to make a total illusion. 
3. Depending on the pain and disability state, decide on an appropriate activity(ies) to perform with the good hand. This could range from just looking at the mirror image to finger movements, or taking weight through the hand. 
4. In general, the more severe the problem (eg. Severe Complex Regional Pain Syndrome), small movements, performed often, may be more appropriate. 
5. Feel comfortable with the selected movements(s)’, ie. ‘conquer the movement’ before progressing to a more challenging movement 
6. Once you feel comfortable with a movement, try and perform it in a different context. For example, do it with a song in your head, or with altered emotions by thinking of something good or bad. Overall, you will need to repeat movements, grade the movements and then context enriching the movements for best neurone health. 
7. Take care. If the hand in the box hurts or sweats, you may have taken the brain exercises too far even though the hand has not been moved. 
8. Move the painful hand in the box to the point where it starts to hurt a little and then move the good hand which is outside the box a little bit further. 
9. Do it simultaneously or reciprocally. 
10. By placing a mirror between the feet, a similar therapy can be performed for the for foot and leg problems.
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Thursday, October 25, 2007

 


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Wednesday, October 24, 2007

Sleeping Tips & Tricks



Sleeping Tips & Tricks

     
Daytime Suggestions
·   Set an alarm to try to wake up at the same time every day.
·   Include meaningful activities in your daily schedule.
·   Get off the couch and limit TV watching.
·   Exercise every day. People with TBI who exercise regularly report fewer sleep problems.
·   Try to get outdoors for some sunlight during the daytime. If you live in an area with less sun in the wintertime, consider trying light box therapy.
·   Don't nap more than 20 minutes during the day.

Nighttime Suggestions
·   Try to go to bed at the same time every night and set your alarm for the next day.
·   Follow a bedtime routine. For example, put out your clothes for morning, brush your teeth and then read or listen to relaxing music for 10 minutes before turning out the light.
·   Avoid caffeine, nicotine, alcohol and sugar for five hours before bedtime.
·   Avoid eating prior to sleep to allow time to digest, but also do not go to bed hungry, as this can also wake you from sleep.
·   Do not exercise within two hours of bedtime but stretching or meditation may help with sleep.
·   Do not eat, read or watch TV while in bed.
·   Keep stress out of the bedroom. For example, do not work or pay bills there.
·   Create a restful atmosphere in the bedroom, protected from distractions, noise, extreme temperatures and light.
·   If you don't fall asleep in 30 minutes, get OOB and do something relaxing or boring until you feel sleepy.
·   Going to bed and getting up at the same time every day.
·   Removing electronic devices, such as televisions, computers or cellphones, from the bedroom.
·   Avoiding large meals, caffeine and alcohol before bedtime.
·   Making sure the sleep environment is quiet, dark and not too hot or too cold.

Steps to Better Sleep Hygiene:  Behavioral Changes
·   Regular risetime and bedtime—by doing this every day,you can help your internal clock by providing regular cues, thereby improving your sleep-wake cycle.  This should help in getting to sleep faster and reduce the number of nighttime awakenings.
·   Get plenty of bright natural light exposure, preferably in the morning along with exercise. This will give your internal clock a strong cue to run on time.
·   Avoid stimulants, such as caffeine and nicotine.  Avoid caffeine-containing drugs, drinks, and foods for eight hours before bedtime.  Avoid tobacco in the evening.
·   Avoid thoughts or discussions about topics that cause anxiety, anger, and frustration before bedtime. 
·   Institute and maintain a definite bedtime routine that is relaxing to help signal the body that sleep is to occur soon.  Examples might include: a bath, brushing teeth, a small glass of warm milk (4-6 oz.), or a light snack. This will help with getting to sleep and will reduce the need to awaken due to hunger.
·   Reserve the bedroom and especially the bed for sleeping. Avoid activities like reading and watching television in bed. Your body needs cues to associate the bed with sleeping and not other activities.
·   If you nap, try to do so at the same time every day and for no more than 1 hour, and ending by 3pm.
·   Don't spend more than 15 minutes trying to sleep—if you cannot sleep after 15 minutes get out of bed and engage in a quiet activity.  Ideally, the activity should be in low light and sedentary, for example, listening to soft relaxing music or meditating, not reading with a bright light or watching television.  Return to bed only when you are sleepy.

Staying asleep
·     Minimize light and noise at bedtime and throughout the night. This will reduce stimulation and promote normal function of the body’s melatonin rhythm that helps to promote and maintain sleep. Ear plugs may be helpful if the environment is noisy. Avoid alcohol within 4-6 hours of bedtime.  When taken at bedtime, alcohol may help induce sleep but disrupts sleep later in the night. 
·     Avoid heavy exercise within 6 hours of bedtime.  Exercise increases the body temperature. Sleep onset normally occurs as the core body temperature is decreasing. Artificially increasing body temperature can therefore give the wrong cue to the brain and contribute to sleep disruption. 
·     Avoid heavy late night meals. They can interfere with the ability to fall and stay asleep. A light snack at bedtime, however, may promote sleep.  Good bedtime snacks include dairy products and carbohydrates. 
·     Assure the bedroom environment is right for sleep: comfortable bed, dark, quiet, and a cool temperature for sleeping. 
·     Avoid looking at the bedroom clock if you awaken. If necessary, face the clock to the wall. 
Moving in bed
·     Use satin sheets on the bed or pajamas to help with moving in bed can minimize the effects of stiffness/pain.
Waking to go to the bathroom
·     Decrease evening fluids (3-4 hours before bedtime) to lessen the chance of waking up to go to the bathroom.  Make sure that you drink plenty of fluids in the morning hours.  If you often get dizzy when you stand, sit on the side of the bed for a moment or two while flexing your leg muscles before you stand up.
·     Go to the bathroom immediately before retiring.
·     Add some stress-relieving exercise to each day. Walking counts!
·     Helpful Hints: 
·     Stress can keep you from getting enough sleep
·     Exercise can relieve stress and help you sleep well at night
·     So can mindfulness, meditation and deep, diaphragmatic breathing
·     7-9 hours is considered “enough” sleep for most adults
·     Plug your phone and other electronic devices in away from your bed. Helpful Hints:Scrolling and staying connected late at night could be sabotaging your sleep cycle
·     Choosing to get enough sleep at night over getting more work done could help you be more productive
·     Bright, blue screens may inhibit melatonin production – keeping you awake longer
·     Set a “bedtime” alarm for each person in the family.
·     Helpful Hints:
·     Going to bed and waking up at a consistent time can help you sleep better
·     To set your bed time, figure out your ideal wake time and count backwards from there
·     A nightly routine with time to wind down could help you stick to your bedtime
·     If you’ve tried everything and still can’t sleep well, you may have a sleep disorder – talk to your doctor to find out what to do
·     Start your morning with a healthy habit, like a walk around the block or a moment of gratitude.
   
Helpful Hints
·     Adding a positive activity to your morning routine could make it easier to get up if you’re a late snoozer
·     Sleeping past your alarm can make you groggier in the morning
·     Habit chaining may help establish new habits, like doing a few push-ups right after you brush your teeth
·     Add a 20-minute power nap to your afternoon.
·     Helpful Hints:
·     An afternoon nap can help you re-energize and power through the rest of the day
·     “Catching up on sleep” is a myth – sleeping in on the weekend may be sabotaging your weekday sleep cycle
·     It may take a few weeks to get used to your new sleep cycle, so stick with a consistent bedtime and take naps when you need to
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Thursday, October 11, 2007

Sensation Recovery



Smania N, Montagnana B, Faccioli S, Fiaschi A, Aglioti SM. Rehabilitation of somatic sensation and related deficit of motor control in patients with pure sensory stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003 Nov;84(11):1692-702. PubMed PMID: 14639572.

Training Procedure

The treatment protocol consisted of exercises aimed at recovering somatic sensation and motor control of the affected hand. At the beginning of the training session, each patient was asked to perform a series of 25 exercises belonging to 1 of 9 main types of activity. A detailed description of the 9 groups of training activities is provided below. Next, the operator adjusted the protocol to the patient’s specific impairment by choosing exercises that were more challenging for the patient. After this preliminary selection phase, treatment was performed with only the selected exercises. If the patient was unable to perform a given exercise, the operator provided the patient with facilitations. At the end of each trial, the patient was given feedback about her/his performance (eg, number of hits or errors, details about execution, comments). Each patient underwent a total of 30 training sessions. Each patient was required to perform 1 daily hour of exercises at home that were similar to those of the training session. The patient was asked to record in a home diary each day the number and the type of exercises executed, as well as the difficulties encountered.

Tactile discrimination. We used 3 tactile discrimination tasks: sandpaper surfaces of different grains, surfaces made of different materials (eg, rubber, cloth, paper), and grating orientation. All exercises were performed without visual control. In the case of the sandpaper exercises, the operator passively guided tactile exploration to avoid possible skin lesions. 
Object recognition. This group included 3 tasks of tactile object recognition. In it, the blindfolded patient was requested to perform these tasks: manipulate a target object and discriminate it visually among 3 objects; manipulate a group of small objects (eg, rice, bolts, stones) and then discriminate visually among the 3 groups of objects; and manipulate 2 objects simultaneously with the affected and unaffected hand and then report whether the 2 objects were the same or different. 
Joint position sense. For these training activities, we used the same box as in the testing procedure for the joint position sense testing. This group included 3 tasks of proprioceptive discrimination. The operator moved the patient’s wrist or metacarpophalangeal joints at different angular positions by using the same methods previously described for the joint position test. The patient was required to choose which of 3 suggested positions of the protractor scale above the box corresponded to the real hand position. Using the affected hand, the patient was requested to actively reproduce the position indicated by the operator on the angular scale. The patient was asked to reproduce a gesture shown by the operator with the affected hand (ie, gesture of OK) while keeping her/his arm inside the box. 
Weight discrimination. The blindfolded patient was required to weigh an object with the affected hand. Then, he/she was required to weigh 3 objects with the unaffected hand and choose which of them corresponded in weight to the previous object. 
Motor sequences. This group included 2 tasks of finger motor sequencing. The blindfolded patient was asked to drum his/her fingers on the table according to a previously shown sequence. The blindfolded patient was required to play a sequence of notes on a piano keyboard. 
Reaching and grasping. The blindfolded patient was required to reach and grasp a common object placed on a wood board after having seen its position. The dimensions of the object varied to elicit different kinds of grasping (eg, pinch, whole-hand grasping). 
Item grouping. The blindfolded patient was required to separate several small objects (eg, buttons, paper clips) into homogeneous groups. 
Grasping strength grading. This group included 4 tasks. First, a cylindrical wood stick was used (70_4cm; 500g). The stick had several marks spaced at 5-cm distances. While holding the stick, the blindfolded patient was required to let the stick slide down, skipping 1 or more marks. Second, the blindfolded patient was required to move a plastic bottle filled from 30% to 60% with water from 1 side of the table to another. During the exercise, patients were asked not to produce any noise that could derive from compression of the plastic. Third, the patient was required to pick up and move objects of different dimensions and frailty (eg, crackers, paper cubes) by using ice pliers, without either compressing or breaking them. Last, the patient was required to squeeze a tube containing gel with the affected hand to obtain strips of variable length. 
Daily life activities. This group included 7 tasks: (1) grasping several toothpicks and putting them into a box; (2) stacking up several checker pieces; (3) folding up a sheet of paper and fitting it into an envelope; (4) making a braid with 3 cords made of soft material; (5) hooking up a spring catch to a metal ring while blindfolded; (6) fitting the affected hand into a glove; and (7) picking up several playing cards that had been laid on the table and turning them over while blindfolded.

In the upper limb:
Carey L, Macdonell R, Matyas TA. SENSe: Study of the Effectiveness of Neurorehabilitation on Sensation: a randomized controlled trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2011 May;25(4):304-13. Epub 2011 Feb 24. PubMed PMID: 21350049.

Experimental intervention.

The experimental intervention (EI) applied the principles of generalized sensory discrimination training14 to 3 sensory tasks: texture discrimination, limb position sense, and tactile object recognition. Training employed a variety of stimuli within each sensory dimension trained, graded progression of discriminations from easy to difficult, attentive exploration with vision occluded, anticipation trials, cross-modal calibration via vision, feedback on sensation and method of exploration, intermittent feedback and self-checking of accuracy, feedback on ability to identify distinctive features in novel stimuli, tuition of training principles, and summary feedback and intensive training.14 During each EI session, subjects were trained on each sensory task, in random sequence, for 15 to 20 minutes at a time. Texture discrimination training used graded stimuli with varying surface characteristics.14 Limb position sense was trained across a wide range of limb positions of the upper limb. Tactile object recognition training focused on discrimination of shape, size, weight, texture, hardness, and temperature using a range of multidimensional, graded objects.

In the lower extremity:
Lynch EA, Hillier SL, Stiller K, Campanella RR, Fisher PH. Sensory retraining of the lower limb after acute stroke: a randomized controlled pilot trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007 Sep;88(9):1101-7. PubMed PMID: 17826453.

 Sensory Retraining Intervention Ten 30-minute sensory retraining sessions were provided by the primary investigator over a 2-week period. The total treatment time was divided evenly between: education regarding sensation and sensory retraining; practice in detection and localization of touch at 7 points on the soles of the feet; hardness, texture and temperature discrimination by placing the feet on a variety of floor surfaces while sitting and standing with vision obscured; and proprioception training of the big toe and/or ankle (analogous to proprioceptive training at the wrist used in upper-limb sensory retraining8). The principles of sensory retraining were similar to those used in previous research8,9,12 and included education regarding the nature and extent of sensory loss; specific, graded stimulation tasks with an emphasis on tasks the subject was able to do (in this case, light touch detection and localization training was tailored for the individual to focus on areas of sensory deficit); attentive exploration of the stimuli by the subject; prevention of visual dominance; comparison with the nonaffected side; quantitative feedback.
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Thursday, August 16, 2007

where's pete shadow page











Where is Pete?
Email: strongerafterstroke@yahoo.com
2016   
July 12, 2016 – Colorado Springs, CO
July 13, 2016 – Boulder, CO
July 14, 2016 – Cheyenne, WY
July 15, 2016 – Denver, CO 
June 21 – Columbus, OH
June 22 – Lexington, KY
June 23 – Cincinnati, OH
May 3 – Gulfport, MS
May 4 – Baton Rouge, LA
May 5 – New Orleans, LA
March 1 – Asheville NC
March 2 – Johnson City, TN
March 3 – Knoxville, TN
February 16 – W. Palm Beach, FL
February 17 – Miami, FL
February 18 – Ft. Lauderdale, FL
February 2 – Albany, GA
February 3 – Tallahassee, FL
February 4 – Panama City, FL
January 20 – Appleton, WI
January 21 – Madison, WI
January 22 – Brookfield, WI
January 5 – Wilmington, NC
January 6 – Raleigh, NC
January 7 – Charlotte, NC
2015  
December 16 – The Woodlands, TX
December 17 – Sugar Land, TX
December 18 – League City, TX
September 18-19, San Diego, CA. Private talk- Stroke Outcome Measures; Dart Neuroscience
January 29, 2014 - Springfield, MO 
January 30, 2014 - Jefferson City, MO 
January 31, 2014 - St. Louis, MO
2013:
December 17 – Providence, RI 
December 18 – Bridgeport, CT 
December 19 – Poughkeepsie, NY 
December 20 – Hartford, CT
December 3 – Allentown, PA
December 4 – Binghamton, NY 
December 5 – Albany, NY 
December 6 – Burlington, VT
 November 19 and 20 - Sioux Falls, SD 
November 21 and 22 - Minneapolis, MN
November 5 and 6 - Bismarck, ND
November 7 and 8 - Fargo, ND 
October 8, 2013 - San Diego, CA
October 9, 2013 - San Diego, CA
October 10, 2013 - Anaheim, CA
October 11, 2013 - Anaheim, CA
October 22, 2013 - Thousand Oaks, CA
October 23, 2013 - Thousand Oaks, CA
October 24, 2013 - Burbank, CA
October 25, 2013 - Burbank, CA
September 24, 2013 - Boise, ID
September 25, 2013 - Boise, ID
September 26, 2013 - Salt Lake City, UT
September 27, 2013 - Salt Lake City, UT
September 10, 2013 - Mobile, AL
September 11, 2013 - Mobile, AL
September 12, 2013 - Montgomery, AL
September 13, 2013 - Montgomery, AL
August 20, 2013 – Davenport, IA
August 21, 2013 – Davenport, IA
August 22, 2013 – Cedar Rapids, IA
August 23, 2013 – Cedar Rapids, IA
August 14, 2013 – Omaha, NE
August 15, 2013 – Des Moines, IA
August 16, 2013 – Des Moines, IA
07/23/13 - Cleveland, OH
07/25/13 - Columbus, OH
07/09/13 - Pittsburgh, PA
07/11/13 - Canton, OH 
Tulsa, OK 06/25/13 06/26/13 Fort Smith, AR06/27/13 06/28/13
6/22/13 OSU Workshop - American Society for Neurorehabilitation
Little Rock, AR 
06/04/13 
06/05/13
Memphis, TN
06/06/13 
06/07/13 
Plymouth, MA 
05/28/13
05/29/13
Manchester, NH 
05/30/13
05/31/13
Portland, ME
05/08/13
05/07/13
Boston, MA 
05/09/13
05/10/13
4/23 – Austin, TX
4/24 – Austin, TX
4/25 – Houston, TX
4/26 – Houston, TX
4/16 – San Antonio, TX
4/17 – San Antonio, TX
4/18 – Dallas, TX
4/19 – Dallas, TX
2/26/13  Cherry Hill NJ 
2/27/13 Long Branch 
2/28/13 Parsippany
3/1/13 Teaneck
02/12/13 - Oklahoma City, OK
02/13/13 - Wichita, KS
02/14/13 - Topeka, KS
02/15/13 - Kansas City, KS
1/30 – Roanoke, VA
1/31 – Winston Salem, NC
2/1 – Charlotte, NC
1/15 – Asheville, NC
1/16 – Columbia, SC
1/17 – Fayetteville, NC
1/18 – Raleigh, NC 
2012:
12/10/12 - Jacksonville, FL
12/11/12 - Gainesville, FL
12/12/12 - Tallahassee, FL
12/13/12 - Pensacola, FL
11/26/12 - Shreveport, LA
11/27/12 - Alexandria, LA
11/28/12 - Baton Rouge, LA
11/29/12 - New Orleans, LA
11/05/12 - Chicago, IL
11/06/12 - Waukegan, IL
11/07/12 - Schaumburg, IL
11/08/12 - Joliet, IL
10/22/12 - Grand Rapids, MI
10/23/12 - Kalamazoo, MI
10/24/12 - Lansing, MI
10/25/12 - Ann Arbor, MI
 10/15/12 - Milwaukee, WI
10/16/12 - Kenosha, WI
10/17/12 - Madison, WI
10/18/12 - Green Bay, WI
10/12/12-10/13/12 MetroWest Medical Ctr, Framingham , MA. 
09/24/12 - Islip, NY 
09/25/12 - Hempstead, NY 
09/26/12 - White Plains, NY 
09/27/12 - Laguardia, NY
09/10/12 - Chattanooga, TN
09/11/12 - Huntsville, AL
09/12/12 - Birmingham, AL
08/27/12 - Thousand Oaks, CA
08/28/12 - Burbank, CA
08/29/12 - Ontario, CA
06/05/12 - Saginaw, MI
06/06/12 - Flint, MI
02/28/12 - Athens, GA
02/14/12 - Fort Wayne, IN
02/15/12 - Indianapolis, IN
02/16/12 - Evansville, IN
02/17/12 - Louisville, KY
11/15/11 Charlotte, NC. 
11/16/11 Winston-Salem, NC. 
11/17/11 Raleigh, NC.
Wichita, KS. 11/8/11
Oklahoma City, OK. 11/9/11
Tulsa, OK. 11/10/11
McAllen, TX. 10/18/11
Corpus Christi, TX. 10/19/11
Des Moines, IA. 10/4/11
Cedar Rapids, IA. 10/5/11
Hartford, CT (Institute of Living) 4/15-4/16
Austin, TX 4/5/11 
San Antonio, TX 4/6/11   
Houston, TX 4/7/11  
Athens, GA 3/22/11   
Augusta, GA 3/23/11    
Atlanta, GA 3/24/11 
  Herrin, IL (Southern Illinois University Herrin Hospital ) 3/26-3/27 
 Baton Rouge, LA. 03/08/11 
 Jackson, MS. 03/09/11  
New Orleans, LA. 03/10/11 
 Harrisburg, PA. 02/22/11  
Allentown, PA. 02/23/11  
King of Prussia, PA. 02/24/11   
Green Bay, WI. 02/08/11 
 Milwaukee, WI 02/09/11  
Bloomington, MN. 02/10/11  
Chattanooga, TN. 1/25/11  
Huntsville, AL. 1/26/11  
Birmingham, AL. 1/27/11  
Charlottesville, VA. 1/11/11 
Richmond, VA. 1/12/11  
Norfolk, VA. 1/13/11
2010:________________________________________________________________________
Dallas, TX. Medical City Dallas Hospital 12/10-13/10
Baptist Hospital of Miami: Miami, FL; 3/13-3/14/10
Other Selected Invited Professional Talks
1.      Levine, PG. Driving Neuroplastic Change in Stroke Survivors: Leading-Edge Treatments, Tools and Strategies. Provena Health Inst and Therapy Ctr. Aurora IL. 6/3-6/4/11
2.      Levine, PG. Driving Neuroplastic Change in Stroke Survivors: Leading-Edge Treatments, Tools and Strategies. Herrin, IL (Southern Illinois University Herrin Hospital ) 3/26-3/27/2011
3.      Levine, PG. Philadelphia, PA. Magee Rehab Hosp 10/15-16/10
4.      Levine, PG. Saint Francis MC, Cape Girardeau, MO 9/30/10
5.      Levine, PG. The Neuroplastic Stroke Survivor: Rewiring For Recovery. The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 11/13/10
6.    Levine, PG. Driving Neuroplastic Change in Stroke Survivors: Leading-Edge Treatments, Tools and Strategies.
a.    Baptist Hospital of Miami: Miami, FL; 3/13-3/14/10
b.    St. Luke's Rehabilitation Institute Spokane, WA; 4/23-4/24/10
c.    Scottsdale Healthcare, Scottsdale, AZ; 6/11-6/12/10
d.    Catholic Medical Center, Manchester NH; 8/27-8/28/10
e.    Magee Rehabilitation Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; 10/15-10/16/10
f.      Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas, TX 12/10-11/10

Levine, PG. Stroke Rehabilitation Update: New Effective Reimbursable Treatments, Including Modified Constraint Induced Therapy
g.    Casa Colina Hospital for Rehab. Pomona CA 12/11-12/12/09
h.    Tully Health Center. Stamford, CT 10/16-10/17/09
i.     Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital. Braintree, MA 5/1-5/2/09

Levine, PG. Page, SJ
j.       Baylor All Saints Medical Center Ft. Worth TX 8/28-8/29/09
k.     Frazier Rehab Institute Louisville KY 4/4-4/5/09
l.       Truman Medical Center Lakewood Kansas City 27-Mar-09 3/27-3/28/09
m.  John Heinz Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Wilkes-Barre Township PA12/12-12/13/08
n.     Mount Sinai Medical Center. Miami Beach, FL 11/14/08
o.    Inova Mount Vernon Hospital Alexandria VA 5/31/08
p.    New England Sinai Hospital & Rehab Center. Stoughton, MA 4/25/08
q.    Mt. Sinai Rehabilitation Hospital- Center for Sports Medicine. Hartford, CT. 12/8-12/9/07
r.      St. John's Health System Springfield, MO. 11/17-11/18/07
s.     Atlanta Medical Center, Atlanta, GA. 8/11-8/12/07
t.       Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital, Braintree, MA 12/1-12-2/06
u.     Main Street Physical Rehabilitation Center, Danbury CT 8/11- 8/12/06
v.     Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 11/18-11/19/06
7.      Levine, PG. “Unlocking Their Brains: Keys to Neuroplastic Rewiring After Stroke” Chinook Regional Hospital, Lethbridge, Canada and simulcast to Alberta Health Services sites in Bow Island, Camrose, Grande Cache, Grande Prairie, Medicine Hat, Red Deer, Brooks, Crowsnest Pass, and Pincher Creek. 11/30-12/1/10.
8.      Levine, PG. “The Roadmap to Recovery: New Effective Strategies for Recovery from Stroke, Ohio Occupational Therapy Association, Canton, OH. 9/10/09.
9.      Levine, PG. Dunn, L. “Testing Stroke Recovery:  An Introduction to Practical Outcome Measures” The Kentucky Occupational Therapy Association Annual Conference, Prestonburg, KY. 9/17/09.
10.  Levine, PG. Panel discussion participant, American Society of Neurorehabilitation, Goods and Bads of Technology-Clinical Translation and Payment/Reimbursement Considerations, Kari Dunning, PhD, PT (Host). Accelerating Use of Technology in Stroke Rehabilitation: Opportunities & Challenges. Drake Center, Cincinnati Ohio. 6/19/09.
11.  Levine, PG. Dunn, L. Hill-Hermann, V. “Testing Stroke: An Introduction to Practical Outcome Measures”, Accelerating Use of Technology in Stroke Rehabilitation: Opportunities & Challenges. American Society of Neurorehabilitation, Cincinnati, OH 6/19/09.
12.  Levine, PG.  “The Stroke Toolbox: Stroke Recovery Treatment on the Cutting Edge” at the request of Ohio Occupational Therapy Association, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. 12/5/08
13.  Levine, PG. “The Story Of Modified Constraint Induced Therapy: From Narrative To Application.” Ohio Occupational Therapy Association State Conference. 10/26/2007
14.  Levine, PG. Panel discussion participant, American Society of Neurorehabilitation “Neuroplasticity: Changing Minds and Changing Function.” Drake Center, Cincinnati Ohio. 6/22/07
15.  Levine, PG. “Neuroplastic Therapies and Modified Constraint Induced Therapy:   Transforming the Art of Evaluating and Treating Stroke Survivors.” Ohio Occupational Therapy Association State Conference, Cincinnati Convention Center. 9/30/06
16.  Levine, PG.  “Study of the effect of Mentamove training on foot elevation after stroke” Georg-Brauchle-Haus, Munich, Germany. 3/31/06
17.  Levine, PG.  “Messing With Their Minds: Neuroplastic Modalities and the Stroke Survivor.”  University of Cincinnati PTA program. 2/23/06
18.  Levine, PG. "All the Potential In the World: How stroke survivor's big brains can provide big gains." Drake Center Stroke Survivors Support Group. 1/18/06
19.  Levine, PG. “Stroke: A Primer.” Cincinnati State OTA program. 10/28/05
20.  Levine, PG. “Evidence-based stroke rehabilitation” (Day 1) “Modified constraint-induced therapy.” (Day 2)
a.      Manatee Memorial Hospital, Bradenton, FLA; 12/2/05.
b.      Medical City Hospital, Dallas Texas; 11/18/05.
c.       Grossmont Hospital, San Diego, CA; 10/22/05.
d.      Northeast Executive Conference Center, Columbus, OH; 8/27/05.
e.      Akron City Hospital, Akron, OH; 5/20/05.

Selected Professional Seminars

1.   Levine, PG. Crowne Plaza, Indianapolis, IN 2/17/10  “The Roadmap to Recovery: Essential Tools for Driving Neuroplastic Change in Stroke Survivors.”
2.      Levine, PG. Casa Colina Hospital for Rehabilitation, Pomona, CA; 12/11-12/09. “Driving Neuroplastic Change in Stroke Survivors.”
3.      Levine, PG. Carespring Healthcare, Fairborn, OH; 9/12/09. “The Stroke Recovery Toolbox: Mental Practice, Modified Constraint-Induced Therapy, and Other Promising Strategies.”
4.      Levine, PG. Baylor All Saints Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX; 8/28-29/09. “Driving Neuroplastic Change in Stroke Survivors.”
5.      Levine, PG. Northwest Hospital, Seattle, WA 5/7-8/09. Stroke Rehabilitation Update: “New & Effective Reimbursable Treatments Including Modified Constraint - Induced Therapy.”
6.      Levine, PG. Braintree rehabilitation Hospital 5/01-02/09. Braintree, MA “Driving Neuroplastic Change in Stroke Survivors.”
7.      Levine, PG. Frazier Rehabilitation Institute, Louisville, KY; 4/3-4/09. “Driving Neuroplastic Change in Stroke Survivors”
8.      Levine, PG. Truman Medical Center, Kansas City MO; 3/27-28/09. “Driving Neuroplastic Change in Stroke Survivors”
9.      Levine, PG. Good Samaritan Hospital, Baltimore, MD; 2/1/09. “New And Effective Strategies For Stroke Rehabilitation: From Flaccid To Functional”
10.  Levine, PG. Good Samaritan Hospital, Baltimore, MD; 2/2/09. “Modified Constraint Induced Therapy: An Efficacious, Reimburseable Outpatient Protocol For Stroke.”
11.  Levine, PG. Mt Vernon Hospital, Mt Vernon VA; 5/31/08. “Evidence-based stroke rehabilitation.”
12.  Levine, PG. Mt Vernon Hospital, Mt Vernon VA; 6/1/08. “Modified constraint-induced therapy.”
13.  Levine, PG. Mt Sinai Hospital, Boston, MA; 4/25/08. “Evidence-based stroke rehabilitation.”
14.  Levine, PG. Mt Sinai Hospital, Boston, MA; 4/26/08. “Modified constraint-induced therapy.”
15.  Levine, PG. Good Samaritan Hospital, Baltimore, MD; 3/7/08. “New And Effective Strategies For Stroke Rehabilitation: From Flaccid To Functional”
16.  Levine, PG. Good Samaritan Hospital, Baltimore, MD; 3/8/08. “Modified Constraint Induced Therapy: An Efficacious, Reimburseable Outpatient Protocol For Stroke”
17.  Levine, PG. Lakewood Hospital, Lakewood, OH; 2/2/2008. “Evidence-based stroke rehabilitation”
18.  Levine, PG. Baptist Hospital, Miami FL; 12/13/2007-12/14/2007. “Modified constraint-induced therapy”
19.  Levine, PG. Mt Sinai Rehabilitation Hospital, Hartford CT; 12/6/2007. “Evidence-based stroke rehabilitation”
20.  Levine, PG. Mt Sinai Rehabilitation Hospital, Hartford CT; 12/7/2007. “Modified constraint-induced therapy.”
21.  Levine, PG. St Johns Hospital, Springfield, MO; 11/16/2007. “Evidence-based stroke rehabilitation”
22.  Levine, PG. St John’s Hospital, Springfield, MO; 11/17/2007. “Modified constraint-induced therapy.”
23.  Levine, PG. Integris Jim Thorpe Rehabilitation Hospital, Okalahoma City, OK; 10/23/2007. “Modified constraint-induced therapy.”
24.  Levine, PG. Atlanta Medical Center, Atlanta, GA; 8/10/2007. “Evidence-based stroke rehabilitation”
25.  Levine, PG. Atlanta Medical Center, Atlanta, GA; 8/11/2007. “Modified constraint-induced therapy.”
26.  Levine, PG. Jim Thorpe Rehabilitation Hospital, Oklahoma City, OK; 4/10/2007. “Evidence-based stroke rehabilitation”
27.  Levine, PG. Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA; 12/2/2006. “Evidence-based stroke rehabilitation”
28.  Levine, PG. Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA; 12/3/2006. “Modified constraint-induced therapy.”
29.  Levine, PG. Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY; 11/18/2006. “Evidence-based stroke rehabilitation”
30.  Levine, PG. Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY; 11/19/2006. “Modified constraint-induced therapy.”
31.  Levine, PG. Sheraton Danbury Hotel, Danbury, CT; 8/11/2006 “Evidence-based stroke rehabilitation.”
32.  Levine, PG. Sheraton Danbury Hotel, Danbury, CT; 8/12/2006. “Modified constraint-induced therapy.”
33.  Levine, PG. Manatee Memorial Hospital, Bradenton, FLA; 12/2/05. “Evidence-based stroke rehabilitation.”
34.  Levine, PG. Manatee Memorial Hospital, Bradenton, FLA; 12/3/05. “Modified constraint-induced therapy.”
35.  Levine, PG. Medical City Hospital, Dallas Texas; 11/18/05. “Evidence-based stroke rehabilitation.”
36.  Levine, PG. Medical City Hospital, Dallas Texas; 11/19/05. “Modified constraint-induced therapy.”
37.  Levine, PG. Grossmont Hospital, San Diego, CA; 10/22/05. “Evidence-based stroke rehabilitation.”
38.  Levine, PG. Grossmont Hospital, San Diego, CA; 10/23/05.
39.  Levine, PG. Northeast Executive Conference Center, Columbus, OH; 8/27/05. (Modified constraint-induced therapy)
40.  Levine, PG. Akron City Hospital, Akron, OH; 5/20/05. (Modified constraint-induced therapy)
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